The power sector in India is mainly governed by the
Ministry of Power. There are three major pillars of power sector; these are
Generation, Transmission, and Distribution.
As far as generation is concerned, it is mainly divided into three sectors; these are Central Sector, State Sector, and Private Sector.
Central Sector or Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), involved in the generation of electricity include NHPC Ltd., NTPC Ltd. and Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). Besides PSUs, several state-level corporations such as Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB), Jharkhand State Electricity Board (JSEB), Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) etc are involved. Other than PSUs and state level corporations, private sector enterprises also play a major role in generation, transmission and distribution. The Power Grid Corporation of India is responsible for the inter-state transmission of Electricity and the development of National Grid.
India’s power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources of power generation range from Conventional sources such as Coal, Natural gas, Oil, Hydro and Nuclear power to viable Non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, and agricultural and domestic waste. Over the past decades, energy demand has steadily increased across all sectors including agriculture, industry, commercial and residential, and is expected to continue to grow.
In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity in the country, massive addition to the installed generating capacity is required.
The total installed capacity of power stations in India stood at 368.68 Gigawatt (GW) as of January 2020. Around 750 million people in India gained access to electricity between 2000 and 2019, reflecting strong and effective policy implementation. Increased access to affordable energy has raised the living standards of all segments of the population. Government of India is pursuing a very ambitious deployment of renewable energy, notably solar, and has boosted energy efficiency through innovative programmes such as replacing incandescent light bulbs with LEDs (under the Ujala scheme).
The development of technology and
innovation will be a key driver for India’s economic growth. The Government of
India has identified power sector as a key sector of focus so as to promote
sustained industrial growth. The
Government of India’s focus on attaining ‘Power for all’ has accelerated
capacity addition in the country.
Some initiatives by the Government of India to boost the Indian power
sector are:
The Union Budget 2020-21 has allocated Rs 15,875 crores to Ministry of Power and Rs 5,500 crores towards the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY).
The Government of India has released its roadmap to achieve 175GW capacity in renewable energy by 2022, which includes 100 GW of solar power and 60 GW of wind power.
Coal-based power generation capacity in India, which currently stands at 229.40 (As of October 2019) GW is expected to reach 330-441 GW by 2040.
All the states and union territories of India are on board to fulfill the Government of India's vision of ensuring 24x7 affordable and quality power for all as per the Ministry of Power, Government of India
Some major investments and developments in the Indian power sector are
as follows:
In December 2019, NTPC announced investment of Rs 50,000 crores to add 10GW solar energy capacity by 2022.
ReNew Power and Shapoorji Pallonji will invest nearly Rs 750 crores in a 150 megawatt (MW) floating solar power project in Uttar Pradesh.
About the Author
Dr. S. R. Vaishnav is Professor
and HOD (Electrical Engineering Department), JDCOEM, Nagpur having an
experience of 31 years in teaching. He is double Ph. D in Electrical
Engineering as well as Business Management. His areas of interest include Control
System, PID Controller and its tuning, Fuzzy Controller.
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